Legislation considered: Bill 44, Human Rights Citizenship and Multiculturalism Amendment Act; Amendment A1A; Amendment A1B

PDF version: Amendments to Bill 44 Worsen a Bad Bill

In a previous post, I discussed a number of concerns about the proposed amendments to Alberta’s Human Rights Citizenship and Multiculturalism Act, R.S.A. 2000 c. H-14 (”Act”). One of the proposed amendments in Bill 44, referred to as the parental opt-out provision, has been the subject of much criticism. See Janet Keeping and Sheila Pratt, for example.

(more…)

Case considered: Petrowski v. Petrowski Estate, 2009 ABQB 196

PDF version: Do testators have moral as well as legal obligations to their dependants? Not in Alberta

Alberta’s Dependants Relief Act, RSA 2000, c. D-10.5 allows adult children who are unable to earn a livelihood by reason of physical or mental disability to challenge their parent’s will if that will does not made “adequate” provision for their “proper maintenance and support.” There is similar legislation in other provinces and the leading precedent on what factors a judge should take into account in exercising their discretion to vary a will is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on appeal from British Columbia: Tataryn v. Tataryn Estate, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 807. The Supreme Court held in Tataryn that a judge was not limited to a needs-based analysis, but should also consider the deceased’s moral obligations. However, the British Columbia legislation the Supreme Court interpreted in Tataryn differs from Alberta’s in two important respects and the Alberta Court of Appeal has yet to consider the relevance of these differences. It is therefore still an open question in Alberta as to whether or not Tataryn applies to the interpretation of this province’s statute and whether moral obligations can or should be taken into consideration. The Petrowski v. Petrowski Estate judgment is the latest Queen’s Bench decision to grapple with this issue. It holds that, in Alberta, only the obligations imposed in law by the legislature are moral obligations; law is co-extensive with morality in this context. The result of this decision is that a property owner’s freedom to dispose of his property is enhanced.

(more…)

Case considered: Hughes (Estate) v. Brady, 2009 ABCA 187

PDF version: Opportunity Lost

In an earlier post (Conflicting Interests, Conflicting Judgments and the Ethical Obligations of Lawyers and Judges) I commented on Justice Alan Macleod’s dismissal in part of Lawrence Hughes’ lawsuit against Shane Brady and David Gnam. Mr. Hughes’ lawsuit was brought in his capacity as the Administrator ad litem of the estate of his daughter Bethany Hughes, who died of cancer in 2002. Bethany Hughes was a mature minor and had been raised as a Jehovah’s Witness. Ms. Hughes sought to resist blood transfusions necessary for the treatment of her cancer. She was unsuccessful in doing so because it was found by Justice Adele Kent that she had been subject to undue influence from those around her, such that she could not make an independent and informed choice about the matter (B.H. (Next friend of) v. Alberta (Director of Child Welfare), 2002 ABQB 371). Mr. Hughes’ lawsuit was based on a number of allegations against Mr. Gnam, Mr. Brady, the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Canada and others. Mr. Hughes alleged, inter alia, that Mr. Gnam and Mr. Brady had been in an improper conflict of interest in their representation of Ms. Hughes and that they had violated obligations of confidentiality owed to her.

(more…)

Case considered: Alberta (Human Rights and Citizenship Commission Panel) v. Tequila Bar & Grill Ltd., 2009 ABQB 226

PDF version: Costs Take Centre Stage in Human Rights Case

The issue of costs does not normally merit discussion in a blog. However, in the Tequila Bar & Grill case, the Respondent raises some interesting arguments about costs that speak to the multiple functions of the Human Rights and Citizenship Commission (”Commission”).

(more…)

Case considered: Bishop v. Alberta College of Optometrists, 2009 ABCA 175

PDF version: Does the Punishment Fit the “Crime”?

A hearing tribunal of the Alberta College of Optometrists found Dr. Donald Bishop guilty of professional misconduct due to billing infractions. Dr. Bishop appealed the decision to a panel of the Council of the Alberta College of Optometrists (the “Council”) and to the Court of Appeal, both of which upheld the decision, largely on factual grounds. (more…)

Case considered: Genesis Land Development Corp. v. Alberta, 2009 ABQB 221

PDF version: A rare species of tort in the Spray Valley: Abuse of public office

My work in environmental law began in the late 1990s as part of the opposition to a mountain resort proposed by a land company based in Calgary - Genesis Land Developers - to be located along the eastern boundary of Banff National Park in the Spray Valley. In the planning stages since the 1960s, this resort proposal had only partial regulatory approval by 1998 when its legal ownership was acquired by Genesis. The subsequent Genesis development proposal consisted of a four-season mountain resort in the Spray Valley, including a tour boat operation on Spray Lakes, helicopter and cat-assisted skiing on Tent Ridge, and a 400 bed accommodation facility. Of these three components, the boating operation was essentially approved when Genesis acquired ownership of the proposal. The regulatory approval process was in full swing until May 31, 2000, when the Government of Alberta announced the project would not be approved and the Spray Valley would be designated as a provincial park. This turn of events led to the current proceedings.

(more…)

Case considered: ATCO Gas and Pipelines Ltd. v. Alberta (Energy and Utilities Board), 2009 ABCA 171

PDF version: A Rock and a Hard Place

In its 2006 decision in ATCO Gas and Pipelines Ltd. v. Alberta (Energy and Utilities Board), 2006 SCC 4, the Supreme Court of Canada held that the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB, now the Alberta Utilities Commission) had no jurisdiction to allocate proceeds on the sale of a utility asset to ratepayers where the sale of that asset resulted in no harm to ratepayers in terms of either rates or service. For a bare majority of the Court, Justice Bastarache held that the rights to assets rest without qualification with the utility. (more…)

Case Considered: Acupuncture Committee v. Wanglin, 2009 ABCA 166

PDF version: Encouraging Complaint Procedures in Professional Regulation

Oversight of health professionals in Alberta occurs through a modified form of self-regulation under the authority of the Health Disciplines Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. H-2. Section 9(1) of the Act provides for the establishment of committees to govern each health discipline, and subsections (3) and (4) provide that a majority of the members of each committee shall either be engaged or registered in that discipline (whichever applies). Regulatory oversight of those committees is then provided by the Health Disciplines Board.

(more…)

Legislation Considered: Bill 44, Human Rights, Citizenship and Multiculturalism Amendment Act

PDF version: Proposed Amendments to Human Rights, Citizenship and Multiculturalism Act Off the Mark

Over the past twenty years, Alberta’s human rights legislation has been examined and changes have been recommended on more than one occasion. In the early 1990s, Alberta initiated a review of the Individual’s Rights Protection Act (as it was then named) and accepted submissions from people across Alberta. The final report of the review, Equal in Dignity and Rights: A Review of Human Rights in Alberta by the Alberta Human Rights Review Panel (O’Neill Report) contained 75 recommendations for reform. Some of the recommendations were implemented in amendments to the legislation. For example, “family status” was added as a protected ground in 1996 and the protection from retaliation for making a complaint was broadened in 1996. But, many of the recommendations were never implemented.

(more…)

PDF version: Dressing Down CPLED (Canadian Centre for Professional Legal Education)

As the warmth of spring has replaced the cold of winter, so too have our occasionally idiosyncratically attired law students been replaced by suit wearing post-graduates attending the Canadian Centre for Professional Legal Education (CPLED) course. Attendance at CPLED, and successful completion of its various assignments, is a pre-requisite for any person wishing to become a member of the Law Society of Alberta.

So too, it turns out, is donning a suit. The 2008-2009 Handbook for students attending CPLED in Alberta states:

Please wear business attire to class. You may not be allowed into class, and a note may be placed on your Law society [sic] file, if you are not dressed appropriately.

Students attending CPLED are, apparently, further advised that “business attire” means attire appropriate for students working at a large law firm, i.e., suits.

(more…)