Author Archives: Jennifer Koshan

About Jennifer Koshan

B.Sc., LL.B (Calgary), LL.M. (British Columbia). Professor. Member of the Alberta Bar. Please click here for more information.

Alberta’s Alcohol-Related Administrative Licence Suspension Regime: The Constitutional Challenge and the Challenge to the Evidence

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Case commented on:  Sahaluk v Alberta (Transportation Safety Board), 2013 ABQB 683

Several applicants are challenging the constitutionality of Alberta’s Alcohol-Related Administrative Licence Suspension Regime, which requires those charged with impaired driving-related offences to surrender their drivers’ licences to police and suspends them from driving until the charges are disposed of (when a conviction may result in further driving prohibitions under the Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, with no credit given for the provincial suspension). This regime is found in section 88.1 of the Traffic Safety Act, RSA 2000, c T-6, which is being challenged on the basis that it violates the applicants’ rights under sections 7, 8 and 11(d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and is in pith and substance criminal law and therefore ultra vires the Province of Alberta. In this preliminary application, the Registrar of Motor Vehicle Services sought an order striking out parts of three affidavits filed on behalf of the applicants on the basis that they contained “frivolous, irrelevant or improper information” contrary to rule 3.68(4) of the Alberta Rules of Court, Alta. Reg. 124/2010.

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Supreme Court Denies Leave to Appeal in Marital Rape Sentencing Case

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Case commented on: R v QJK, 2013 ABCA 244; leave to appeal to SCC dismissed November 21, 2013

On November 21, 2013 the Supreme Court of Canada (McLachlin CJ, Cromwell J and Wagner J) dismissed a leave to appeal application by the defence for a sentence handed down by the Alberta Court of Appeal in R v QJK. The Supreme Court’s summary of the case frames the issue on which leave to appeal was sought as “Whether the Honourable Court of Appeal erred in not giving deference to the Learned Sentencing Judge as he did give proper weight to the gravity of the offense and properly considered the principles of denunciation and deterrence and imposed a fit sentence.” In a very brief Memorandum of Decision delivered from the bench, the Court of Appeal had increased the sentence imposed by the sentencing judge from 6 months to 20 months imprisonment. The Court of Appeal noted that the circumstances of the case – forced sexual intercourse by the accused on his spouse – amounted to a major sexual assault necessitating a 3 year starting point (2013 ABCA 244 at para 1). According to the Court of Appeal, the sentencing judge “overemphasized the mitigating circumstances and underappreciated the gravity of the offence as well as the need that the sentence reflect an appropriate degree of denunciation and deterrence” (at para 1).

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Blind Justice? Accommodating Offenders with Disabilities

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Case commented on: R v Myette, 2013 ABCA 371

To what degree should courts accommodate the circumstances of persons with disabilities whose crimes attract jail sentences? The Alberta Court of Appeal recently divided on this issue in R v Myette, 2013 ABCA 371. At the original sentencing hearing, Judge Heather Lamoureux found that a jail sentence would be “unduly harsh” in light of Myette’s visual impairment, and ordered a suspended sentence of 18 months for sexual assault and common assault (2013 ABPC 89 at para 16). A majority of the Court of Appeal (Justices Constance Hunt and Jack Watson) found her approach to be erroneous, and substituted a sentence of 90 days in jail, to be served intermittently on weekends.  Justice Peter Martin, writing in dissent, would have dismissed the Crown’s appeal. This post will review the various decisions in this case with a focus on whether sentencing decisions are the proper forum for accommodating the circumstances of offenders with disabilities.

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Order in the Court! The Use of Electronic Devices in Alberta Courts and Freedom of Expression

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Policies commented on:  Policy on the Use of Electronic Devices in Courtrooms, Alberta Court of Appeal, October 28, 2013; Electronic and Wireless Devices Policy, Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, January 2012

Last week the Alberta Court of Appeal (ABCA) issued a Notice to the Profession attaching its Policy on the Use of Electronic Devices in Courtrooms. The Policy applies to all ABCA courtrooms, and prohibits use of electronic devices in those courtrooms by members of the public. For those persons, “Electronic devices … must be turned off and kept out of sight” (section 3). Only lawyers and “accredited media members” are permitted to use such devices in ABCA courtrooms (section 4), subject to certain restrictions. Anyone who uses an electronic device contrary to the Policy may face sanctions including being required to leave the courtroom or declared in civil contempt of court (section 12). The Alberta Court of Queen’s Bench (ABQB) has a similar Electronic and Wireless Devices Policy, requiring that all electronic devices be turned off in its courtrooms, but exempting counsel and some members of the media from that rule. The Provincial Court of Alberta (ABPC) has adopted the ABQB Policy. This post will describe the details of these policies, and will examine whether the policies are consistent with freedom of expression as protected by section 2(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

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The Vriend Case 15 Years Later

By: Jennifer Koshan

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Case and Legislation Commented On: Vriend v Alberta, [1998] 1 SCR 493; Alberta Human Rights Act, RSA 2000, c A-25.5

This year marks the 15th anniversary of the Supreme Court of Canada decision in Vriend v Alberta, [1998] 1 SCR 493 [Vriend] in which the Court unanimously held that the lack of protection for discrimination based on sexual orientation in Alberta’s human rights legislation was an unconstitutional violation of Charter equality rights (for a previous post on the Vriend decision by Linda McKay Panos, see here). To celebrate the anniversary Delwin Vriend visited Alberta this week, and his visit included participation in a public forum organized by the Sheldon Chumir Foundation for Ethics in Leadership, as well as a visit to my human rights class at the law school.

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