Category Archives: Ethics and the Legal Profession

Coercive Control: What Should a Good Lawyer Do?

By: Deanne Sowter

PDF Version: Coercive Control: What Should a Good Lawyer Do?

Matter Commented On: Federation of Law Societies Model Code of Professional Conduct, Rule 3.3-3

I am currently conducting research to determine whether coercive control can be considered psychological harm for the purpose of the future harm exception to confidentiality and solicitor-client privilege. (FLSC Model Code R 3.3-3; Smith v Jones, [1999] 1 SCR 455 (SCC)) My research is supported by the OBA Fellowship in Legal Ethics and Professionalism Studies. In that research I’m determining whether a lawyer can disclose, but doing that research has provoked me to wonder whether a lawyer should disclose.

Continue reading →

Confusing Equality with Tyranny: Repealing the Statement of Principles

By: Joshua Sealy-Harrington

PDF Version: Confusing Equality with Tyranny: Repealing the Statement of Principles

Matter Commented on: Law Society of Ontario Statement of Principles

Tomorrow, the Law Society of Ontario will vote on a motion to repeal the Statement of Principles (SOP) requirement for Ontario lawyers and paralegals. Many lawyers opposed to the requirement were recently elected to the Law Society’s governing body. But their opposition is, for the most part, disingenuous — pro speech in form, but anti-diversity in substance.

As background, the SOP requirement asks every Ontario lawyer and paralegal to write an annual statement acknowledging their existing legal obligations relating to equality. It seeks to promote reflection on racism in the legal profession. The statement is private. It is never disclosed to, or scrutinized by, the Law Society. Other than acknowledging one’s existing legal obligations, the statement’s content is entirely up to the author. And the Law Society has never indicated that any lawyers or paralegals would be sanctioned for failing to complete their SOP. It is a modest regulatory requirement. Continue reading →

Lawyer (In)competence and Family Violence

By: Deanne Sowter

PDF Version: Lawyer (In)competence and Family Violence

Legislation Commented On: Bill C-78, An Act to amend the Divorce Act, the Family Orders and Agreements Enforcement Assistance Act and the Garnishment, Attachment and Pension Diversion Act and to make consequential amendments to another Act

Family Lawyers Are Not Required To Be Trained In Nor Screen For Family Violence

In Canada, family law lawyers are not professionally required to screen for family violence. The Federation of Law Societies of Canada (FLS) and provincial / territorial law societies make no reference to screening or family violence in their codes of conduct.

The British Columbia Family Law Act, SBC 2011 c 25 (BC FLA) contains an expansive definition of family violence to include physical, sexual, psychological or emotional abuse of a family member, as well as the direct or indirect exposure to family violence by a child (s 1). The definition includes attempted physical or sexual abuse of a family member, coercion, unreasonable restrictions on a family member’s financial or personal autonomy, stalking, and intentional damage to property. There is no universally shared definition of family violence, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, or coercive control. What is important to note is that the BC FLA definition is expansive, and includes all forms of violence between family members. Section 8(1)(a) of the BC FLA, which is in the division devoted to out of court dispute resolution processes, requires family dispute resolution professionals to assess whether family violence may be present, the extent to which it may adversely affect the safety of the party or family member, and the party’s ability to negotiate a fair agreement. The term “family dispute resolution professionals” is defined to include family justice counsellor, parenting coordinator, lawyer, mediator, or arbitrator. The assessment for family violence must be done in accordance with the regulations, which only provides guidance for family law mediators, arbitrators and parenting coordinators, not lawyers. (See Family Law Act Regulation, BC Reg 347/2012).The BC FLA therefore suggests that lawyers ought to screen for family violence in order to assess whether it is present and discuss with the client the advisability of using various types of family dispute resolution processes to resolve the matter.

Continue reading →

The Purposes and Limits to a Client’s Right to A Review of Lawyer’s Accounts

By: Clayton Swan

PDF Version: The Purposes and Limits to a Client’s Right to A Review of Lawyer’s Accounts

Case Commented On: Eryn B Logie Family Law v West, 2017 ABQB 339 (Logie QB); West v Logie Family Law, 2018 ABCA 255 (Logie CA).

Recently, the Alberta Court of Appeal addressed an important issue in lawyer-client relations: the right and ability of a client to submit their lawyer’s bill for review. The technical term for this process is ‘taxation.’ The chain of cases that I will discuss begins with a highly contested family law file and a retainer that lasted 3 years. The lawyer-client relationship ended with the client having paid 98.5% of his bill. The client applied to a Master, and received, an order allowing an extension on the time limit for reviewing a lawyer’s bill without being required to provide notice to his lawyer or having to justify his request. The lawyer appealed the order and was ultimately successful in the Court of Appeal. This blog post will focus on the reasons of the Court of Appeal and provide some commentary on what this judgment could mean for both clients and lawyers in the future.

Continue reading →

Regulating Lawyer-Client Sex

By: Alice Woolley

PDF Version: Regulating Lawyer-Client Sex

In Canada we allow lawyers to have sex with their clients.  Or, to be precise: we do not prohibit lawyers from having sex with their clients.

Canadian law societies do regulate lawyer-client sex in a limited way.  Almost all law societies prohibit sexual harassment. And most law societies also identify lawyer-client sex as potentially creating conflicts of interest.  They identify sexual relationships with clients as the sort of thing that may “conflict with the lawyer’s duty to provide objective, disinterested professional advice to the client” and which may “permit exploitation of the client” (FLS Model Code Rule 3.4-1, Commentary 11(d), adopted in BC, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, PEI and the territories).  Ontario has not adopted the FLS Commentary.  The Commentary in Ontario says instead “the judgment of a lawyer who has a close personal relationship, sexual or otherwise, with a client who is in a family law dispute is likely to be compromised” (Rule 3.4-1, Commentary 4).  Alberta has also not adopted the FLS Commentary.  Alberta’s Code does not reference sexual relationships anywhere in its conflicts rules.  Indeed, apart from its harassment rules, Alberta’s Code does not mention sex at all.

Continue reading →