Tapped Out: Alberta Court Holds Interprovincial Beer Mark-ups Unconstitutional

By: Scott Carrière

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Case Commented On: Steam Whistle Brewing Inc v Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission, 2018 ABQB 476 (CanLII)

On June 19, 2018, the Alberta Court of Queen’s Bench (the Court) issued its decision in Steam Whistle Brewing Inc v Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission (Steam Whistle), holding that two changes to mark-up rates on craft beer produced outside Alberta were ultra vires s 121 of the Constitution Act, 1867, 30 & 31 Vict, c 3 (the Constitution). The Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission (AGLC) applies these mark-ups to retailers based on different classes of liquors. Prior to 2015, the same mark-up was applied to all craft beer produced anywhere in Canada. However, by 2016, the mark-up regime had differential rates applied to different regions, along with a grant for Alberta brewers to offset to the mark-up they would otherwise pay.

In assessing their pith and substance, Justice Gillian Marriot held the AGLC’s mark-up regime to be a valid scheme of proprietary charges under the Gaming and Liquor Act, RSA 2000, c G-1 (GLA). Ultimately, however, she found that the intention behind the changes to the mark-up regime was to advantage Alberta craft brewers, constituting a barrier to interprovincial trade under the analytical framework for s 121 established earlier this year in R v Comeau, 2018 SCC 15 (CanLII) (Comeau).

In this post, I will review the Court’s decision and comment on its significance, both with respect to the mark-ups’ classification, and in cementing recent s 121 jurisprudence.

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Public Interest Standing for NGOs to Test Whether CNLOPB can Effect an End-Run Around Maximum Term Provisions

By: Nigel Bankes

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Case Commented On: David Suzuki Foundation v Canada-Newfoundland Offshore Petroleum Board, 2018 NLSC 146

Corridor Resources Inc. (Corridor) received a nine year exploration licence (EL 1105) from the Canada-Newfoundland Offshore Petroleum Board (CNLOPB or Board) on January 15, 2008 under the terms of the federal and provincial legislation implementing the terms of the Atlantic Accord: Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic Accord Implementation Act, S.C.1987, Ch. 3 (Federal Act), and Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic Accord Implementation Newfoundland and Labrador Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. C-2 (Newfoundland Act). As is customary, the EL was divided into two periods: Period I, five years and Period II, 4 years. In order to validate the licence for Period 2 Corridor had to commence the drilling of a well within the Period I and diligently drill through to completion. Corridor’s proposal to drill proved controversial and triggered a time-consuming environmental assessment procedure. In response to this Corridor applied for and was granted an extension to Period I but in the end it was not able to drill a well as required by the EL.

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Alberta and British Columbia: How the constitution makes you best pals – Constitutional Perspectives

Presenter: Fenner Stewart (Professor, University of Calgary)

 PDF Version: Alberta and British Columbia: How the constitution makes you best pals – Constitutional Perspectives

Summarized By: Alexander Crisp, JD Candidate 2020, University of Calgary

Editor’s Note: This is the fifth in a series of blog posts that provides summaries of presentations from the ninth annual Energy Regulatory Forum, held in Calgary on May 28, 2018, as summarized by student attendees.

On May 28, Professor Stewart from the University of Calgary shared his views on Kinder Morgan’s Trans Mountain Expansion (TMX), and some of the constitutional tools that the British Columbia (BC), Alberta and federal governments have at their disposal to use on the project.

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ABQB Upholds Arbitrator’s Decision on Innocent Absenteeism, the Duty to Accommodate and Notice

By: Linda McKay-Panos

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Case Commented On: Canadian National Railway Company v Teamsters Canada Rail Conference, 2018 ABQB 405 (CanLII) (CNR)

Canadian National Railway (CNR) applied unsuccessfully to the Alberta Court of Queen’s Bench (ABQB) (per Justice W.N. Renke) for a review of the Arbitration Award made under Case No 4510, December 5, 2016 (the Award). Because CNR is a federal undertaking, the applicable legislation includes the Canada Labour Code, RSC 1985 c L-2 (CLC) and the Canadian Human Rights Act, RSC 1985 c H-6 (CHRA).

CNR terminated an employee (Grievor) for innocent absenteeism on January 30, 2015. The Teamsters Canada Rail Conference (Union) submitted a grievance opposing the termination. Because CNR declined the grievance, the matter went to Arbitration (before Arbitrator John Moreau) as provided for in the Memorandum of Agreement between CNR and the Union (CNR at paras 3 and 4). The Grievor was successful at the Arbitration, and Justice Renke upheld the Arbitrator’s decision.

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The Supreme Court of Canada’s Approach to the Charter’s Equality Guarantee in its Pay Equity Decisions

By: Jonnette Watson Hamilton and Jennifer Koshan

PDF Version: The Supreme Court of Canada’s Approach to the Charter’s Equality Guarantee in its Pay Equity Decisions

Case Commented On: Quebec (Attorney General) v. Alliance du personnel professionnel et technique de la santé et des services sociaux, 2018 SCC 17 (CanLII); Centrale des syndicats du Québec v. Quebec (Attorney General), 2018 SCC 18 (CanLII)

The latest decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada on s 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms are the two companion pay equity decisions rendered May 24, 2018 in Quebec (Attorney General) v. Alliance du personnel professionnel et technique de la santé et des services sociaux, 2018 SCC 17 (CanLII) (APP) and Centrale des syndicats du Québec v. Quebec (Attorney General), 2018 SCC 18 (CanLII) (CSQ). The analysis of the Charter’s s 15(1) prohibition of discrimination on the ground of sex and s 15(2) protection of ameliorative programs from charges of reverse discrimination – the two-case, five-judgment spanning focus of this post – reveals a seriously fractured court reminiscent of the court that decided the so-called “equality trilogy” of the mid-1990s. It reveals the lack of consensus at the end of Beverley McLachlin’s term as Chief Justice and after a significant turnover in members in the past four years, with the three most recently appointed judges who heard these appeals dissenting. The issues this post addresses – and we address them only briefly in this forum – are: (1) What is the current legal test for discerning a breach of s 15? (2) What are the contentious points on which the current justices disagree? And (3) What might these pay equity decisions mean for the future of equality law in general? Unfortunately, there is enough disagreement about the answers to the first two questions that this lengthy post will only discuss the relevant law and not go into detail on its application to the facts in this case (except in the use of comparators).

An earlier ABlawg post by Jennifer Koshan, The Supreme Court of Canada’s Pay Equity Decisions: A Call to Action for Alberta?, explores the implications of these two decisions for the Alberta government’s pay equity obligations. The context and facts of both decisions are detailed in that post, but a brief recap to set the stage for the s 15 analysis is in order.

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