By: Lisa Silver
PDF Version: If Not Now, When?
Case Commented On: R v Natomagan, 2022 ABCA 48 (CanLII)
The opening paragraphs of the recent Alberta Court of Appeal decision in R v Natomagan, 2022 ABCA 48 (CanLII), belie the significance of the decision. It commences like many other appellate sentencing decisions, setting out the lower Court’s ruling by focusing on a narrow ground of appeal. In this case, that ground encompasses the Crown appeal against the imposition of a determinate rather than an indeterminate sentence for a designated dangerous offender. By paragraph 3, the Court has shown its hand and finds the sentencing judge “applied the wrong legal standard.” By paragraph 5, the Court allows the appeal and imposes an indeterminate sentence. So far, as expected. But it is in the next paragraph where the decision steps out of the ordinary and becomes a case to read closely, thoroughly, and with interest. There, the Court raises concerns with the “unfettered reliance” on the use of “actuarial risk assessment tools” in determining custodial options for Indigenous offenders within the criminal justice system (at para 6). The Court directly connects these biased risk assessment tools to the overrepresentation of Indigenous offenders in the carceral system (at paras 7 to 13). Finally, the Court provides a well-placed caution requiring judges to make informed decisions in using these tools (at para 141). Despite this warning and well-placed concern, the Court, as foreshadowed by the opening paragraphs, reverts to the usual by finding the offender, Ashton Natomagan, to be an “intractable risk to the public” (at para 137). This means the biased and discriminatory risk assessment tools did not impact the ultimate finding that he was a danger, requiring an indeterminate sentence (at paras 137 to 138). This disconnect between law and reality is a continuing theme in the criminal justice experience of Indigenous offenders. Although this decision is a positive step in recognizing wrongs and attempting to ameliorate injustices, more must be done now to change the future outcomes for Indigenous offenders like Ashton. Continue reading →
