Category Archives: Environmental

(Final?) Brief re: Bill C-69 to the Senate Committee on Energy, Environment and Natural Resources

Legislation Commented On:Bill C-69, An Act to enact the Impact Assessment Act and the Canadian Energy Regulator Act, to amend the Navigation Protection Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts

PDF Version: (Final?) Brief re: Bill C-69 to the Senate Committee on Energy, Environment and Natural Resources

The Senate Committee on Energy, Environment, and Natural Resources (the Committee) is in the final stages of its hearings into Bill C-69, which if passed will replace the current federal environmental assessment regime pursuant to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act 2012, SC 2012 c 19 s 52 (CEAA, 2012). What follows is a slightly edited version of the brief that I submitted to the Committee last week, following my appearance before it on April 9, 2019, here in Calgary.

I am pleased to submit this brief to the Committee as part of your review of Bill C-69 – and the proposed Impact Assessment Act (IAA) in particular. Much has been said and written about Bill C-69. In addition to this brief, I myself have written or co-written the following articles/blogs since Bill C-69 was passed in the House of Commons:

My own contributions have been spurred less by a desire to defend the Bill and more to simply set the record straight. That is the spirit that animated my remarks to the Committee on April 9, 2019 and that is at the core of this brief, which is organized as follows: Continue reading →

The Senate, the Oceans Act and Marine Protected Areas

By: Nigel Bankes

PDF Version: The Senate, the Oceans Act and Marine Protected Areas

Matter commented on: Bill C-55, An Act to amend the Oceans Act and the Canada Petroleum Resources Act, as passed by the House of Commons, April 20. 2018.

There is a lot of attention focused on the Senate these days, principally in relation to Bill C-69, An Act to enact the Impact Assessment Act and the Canadian Energy Regulator Act, to amend the Navigation Protection Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts, (and the subject of numerous ABlawg posts); but, there are other Bills standing in a long and slowly moving line in that Chamber as well. These Bills include Romeo Saguenash’s private member’s Bill C-262 (also endorsed by the Liberals) to give application to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canadian law (and the subject of an ABlawg post here), but also proposed amendments to the Oceans Act, SC 1996, c 31 to create an expedited process for establishing marine protected areas (MPAs). This blog post focuses on the latter.

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A Comment on the Strategically Narrowed Strategic Assessment of Climate Change

By: David V. Wright

PDF Version: A Comment on the Strategically Narrowed Strategic Assessment of Climate Change

Document Commented On: Terms of Reference for the Federal Strategic Assessment of Climate Change

Earlier this month, Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) released the terms of reference (TOR) for the Strategic Assessment of Climate Change (SA). This post briefly provides commentary on the context behind this development, offers several initial impressions of the TOR, and notes a number of ways to make the most of the process as now prescribed. Overall, the TOR charts a relatively narrow path that misses a critical opportunity to improve coherence across climate law, policy and programs in Canada, including with respect to carbon pricing and provincial climate measures such as those in Alberta.

For those following federal developments on the climate law and policy front, the wait for the TOR was a long one. This is the first development since the discussion paper released last summer. Why it took so long is unclear, though the federal government has obviously had a number of matters to contend with on the climate front, including the Ontario and Saskatchewan carbon price reference cases (the latter discussed in a recent post by my colleague, Martin Olszynski) and the relatively contentious Bill C-69.

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Assessing the Role of Strategic Environmental Assessments in the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

By: Kristine Gu

PDF Version: Assessing the Role of Strategic Environmental Assessments in the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

Matter Commented On: President’s aid to negotiations on the international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, A/Conf.232/2019/1.

The year 2020 will be a milestone year for the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and an opportunity to reflect on the progress made, and the hurdles still ahead, in attaining these goals. SDG 14 addresses the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and marine resources. It sets out to tackle several issues by 2020 that plague the marine environment, including overfishing and ocean acidification, and to manage marine ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts (Targets 14.2–14.4). SDG 14 points to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) as the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean and marine resources (Target 14.C).

2020 also coincides with the final substantive session of the intergovernmental conference (IGC) on an international legally binding agreement (ILBI) under LOSC on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Key elements of the ILBI will not only uphold LOSC mandates but also provide the tools essential to achieving the targets under SDG 14.

The first session of the IGC convened in September of last year. Discussions were centered around the four key elements of the “package deal” agreed upon in 2011, including environmental impact assessments (EIAs). An overview of the history and objectives of the IGC and the ILBI are provided for in the JCLOS blog posts of 17 August 2015 by Anna-Maria Hubert and 21 October 2016 by Christian Prip.

Delegates will gather again in New York at the end of this month for the second session of the IGC, with a focus on the Zero-Draft contained in the IGC President’s Aid to Negotiations (A/Conf.232/2019/1). Options to treaty text in the Zero-Draft take into consideration discussions from the first session, as well as the Preparatory Committee’s (PrepCom) recommendations in its 2017 report (A/AC.287/2017/PC.4/2), to reflect the general trend in the current dialogue.

This blog post focuses on the treatment of strategic environmental assessments (SEAs) by the IGC within the ambit of the EIA Working Group with a view to demonstrating the role of SEAs in pursuing SDG 14 and in the good governance of marine biodiversity. The post first lays out the nature and purpose of SEAs, and their use in existing environmental agreements. It then reviews delegate positions from the first session and as reflected in the Zero-Draft to uncover the ways in which SEAs may be developed in the ILBI.

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We Already Know Everything We Need to Know to Save the Oceans

By: Anna-Maria Hubert

PDF Version: We Already Know Everything We Need to Know to Save the Oceans

Note: This post is a revised version of a presentation delivered by Professor Hubert on March 15, 2019 as a part of UCalgary’s Sustainability Speaker Series, which is an Office of the Provost initiative, led by the Academic Sustainability Advisory Committee in partnership with the Office of Sustainability to take action on UCalgary’s Institutional Sustainability Strategy. The event tackled issues of “Stewardship, Sustainability & Ethics” with the participation of moderator Dr. Allen Habib, Assistant Professor in UCalgary’s Department of Philosophy and panellist Dr. Stephen Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy, Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, for a solutions-focused discussion of ethical, moral and legal obligations to build a resilient and sustainable planet for present and future generations. Sections of this presentation on the science of ocean threats have been omitted in the interest of space.

We have gathered as a diverse group of scholars, students, and community members to discuss, in a unique community-based format, possible solutions to global issues of environmental sustainability. I will speak on oceans issues, including the nature and scope of problems being faced and law’s measures being taken in response to degradation of the marine environment, and Professor Gardiner will address these issues in the context of climate change.

Due to major advances in science and technology, we now know more about the state of seas and oceans than ever before. The oceans face a long list of serious, perhaps irreversible, threats, including overfishing, loss of biodiversity, land-based pollution including plastic pollution, climate change, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. Facing the full brunt of the scientific evidence about the rapidly declining state of the marine environment can be confronting, and, inevitably, begs the question of where do we go from here? Why if we know so much are actions so seemingly feeble? What solutions are at our disposal to save the oceans? Whose role is it to call for and implement change in response?

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