Category Archives: Human Rights

I Fought the Law: Civil Disobedience and the Law in Canada

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Cases commented on: Calgary (City) v Bullock (Occupy Calgary), 2011 ABQB 764;
Batty v City of Toronto, 2011 ONSC 6862; R v SA, 2011 ABPC 269; R v Charlebois, 2011 ABPC 238, etc.

On February 1, 2012, I participated in a public forum entitled “Civil Disobedience: Concept, Law and Practice” organized by the Sheldon Chumir Foundation for Ethics in Leadership. This post is an elaboration of my remarks at the forum on how civil disobedience is handled under Canadian law. I will review some recent cases on civil disobedience, including the Occupy litigation, to examine issues such as whether civil disobedience may be protected under the Charter, and if not, what sorts of sanctions protestors might expect to face.

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Jurisdiction can be a Significant Consideration in Human Rights Cases

By: Linda Mckay-Panos

PDF version: Jurisdiction can be a Significant Consideration in Human Rights Cases

Case considered: British Columbia (Workers Compensation Board) v Figliola (“Figliola“), 2011 SCC 52 (CanLII)

A recent SCC case again demonstrates the importance of jurisdiction in human rights cases. In Alberta, and in other provinces, a number of tribunals may have human rights jurisdiction. Thus, in some situations, complainants have potential access to more than one tribunal to resolve their issues. This can, however, lead to challenges regarding accountability, consistency, and efficiency. On the one hand, complainants want a fair, yet reviewable resolution of their human rights issue-on the other hand, respondents would like a final resolution of the complaint and to know the matter is not subject to re-litigation by a second tribunal (See: The Court, Marina Chernenko, “Neighbouring Tribunals and ‘Lateral Adjudicative Poaching’: Forum Shopping for Human Rights in British Columbia v. Figliola“)

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The Repeal of the Long Gun Registry: A Violation of the Federal Government’s Obligations Concerning Violence Against Women?

By: Jennifer Koshan

PDF Version: The Repeal of the Long Gun Registry: A Violation of the Federal Government’s Obligations Concerning Violence Against Women?

Legislation considered: Bill C-19, An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act (“Ending the Long-gun Registry Act”), 41st Parliament, 1st Session

December 6, 2011 was the National Day of Remembrance for Violence Against Women, which marked the 22nd anniversary of the Montreal Massacre. The Globe and Mail‘s Jane Taber indicated that “government MPs [were] purposely shut out from officially speaking at and attending an event on Parliament Hill to honour the 14 young women who were shot dead in 1989,” because the government is about to repeal the long gun registry (see Bill C-19). The Montreal Massacre was one of the pressure points for the registry, as was the use of firearms in crimes of domestic violence. When the Alberta government challenged the constitutionality of the registry, which was implemented via the Firearms Act, SC 1995, ch 39, as an amendment to the Criminal Code, the Supreme Court found that it was properly enacted under the federal government’s criminal law powers (see Reference re Firearms Act (Can.), 2000 SCC 31, [2000] 1 SCR 783 at paras 43, 59). The enactment of the law creating the registry was constitutional; but is its repeal unlawful? I think an argument can be made that the federal government’s abolishment of the long gun registry is unconstitutional on Charter grounds, as well as contrary to international law.

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Cost Decision from Canadian Human Rights Commission Case: Implications for Albertans

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Decision considered: Canadian Human Rights Commission v Canada (AG), 2011 SCC 53 (“Mowat“)

The Supreme Court of Canada’s (“SCC”) decision about costs in the Mowat case was released in October, and this will have significant ramifications in cases under the Canadian Human Rights Act, RSC 1985, c H-6 (CHRA). (See my blog on the decision of the Federal Court of Appeal for a discussion of the facts of the case here). The issue of costs in the context of human rights cases is significant, as it may become an access to justice issue, especially in cases with public interest issues.

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State Responsibility for Protection against Domestic Violence: The Case of Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales)

PDF version: State Responsibility for Protection against Domestic Violence: The Case of Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales)

Case considered: Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales) et al v United States, Case 12.626, Report No. 80/11 (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, August 17, 2011)

On August 17, 2011, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) released its merits report in the case of Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales) and the United States. The case concerns states’ positive obligations to use due diligence in responding to situations of domestic violence, and is the first such case involving the U.S. to be considered by the IACHR. In what many are calling a landmark decision, the IACHR found that the United States had breached several Articles of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man in relation to its obligations to Lenahan and her children. This post will summarize the IACHR decision and analyze the implications of the case in Canada, particularly in provinces such as Alberta which have civil domestic violence legislation.

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