Author: Shaun Fluker Page 7 of 37

B.Comm. (Alberta), LL.B. (Victoria), LL.M. (Calgary).
Associate Professor.
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Legislation Commented On: Critical Infrastructure Defence Regulation, AR 169/2021

On September 29, 2021, and on the basis of authority granted under section 5 of the Critical Infrastructure Defence Act, SA 2020, c C-32.7, the Lieutenant Governor in Council issued Order in Council 265/2021 to enact the Critical Infrastructure Defence Regulation. This Regulation adds prescribed health care facilities – including hospitals – to the list of essential infrastructure covered by the Critical Infrastructure Defence Act, which thereby applies the prohibitions in the Act to those facilities. The Premier announced this new regulatory measure on September 28 as a response to anti-vaccine protests held recently at health care facilities. The timing of this announcement and the subsequent enactment of the Regulation was ideal for using it as a discussion item with 1Ls in Law 403 – Legislation – to illustrate how regulations are enacted and come into force. This short comment is intended to share that analysis with ABlawg readers.

Alberta’s Vaccine Passport System: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

By Shaun Fluker

On September 20, 2021

In COVID-19, Statutory Interpretation

By: Lorian Hardcastle and Shaun Fluker

PDF Version: Alberta’s Vaccine Passport System: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Matters Commented On: Chief Medical Officer of Health (CMOH) Order 42-2021 and CMOH Order 43-2021

Good governance practices by the executive branch in how it addresses COVID-19 have largely been absent throughout the pandemic across Canada, but surely we have hit a new low in Alberta with what transpired last week. Facing criticism from the public, pleas from health care professionals, and a health care system straining under the increasing number of hospitalizations, the Premier reappeared at a September 15 press conference after a lengthy hiatus, along with the Minister of Health, the Chief Medical Officer of Health, and the CEO of Alberta Health Services. The Premier was questioned about the termination of public health restrictions in early July and the decision to move towards treating COVID-19 as endemic by largely eliminating basic public health measures like testing, tracing, and isolating (a decision that the government later backpedalled on). Although the Premier was initially apologetic for ending public health restrictions in an effort to enjoy the “best summer ever,” he later stated that “I don’t apologize for the decision to relax public health restrictions in the summer….” For her part, the CMOH has admitted that July’s decisions, which were based on her recommendations, put Alberta on its devastating fourth wave trajectory and has said that she “deeply” regrets contributing to the narrative that COVID-19 was over.

Justice for the Westslope Cutthroat Trout at Grassy Mountain

By Shaun Fluker

On July 19, 2021

In Environmental, Protection of Species

By: Shaun Fluker

PDF Version: Justice for the Westslope Cutthroat Trout at Grassy Mountain

Decision Commented On: Report of the Joint Review Panel: Benga Mining Limited Grassy Mountain Coal Project, 2021 ABAER 010

On June 17, 2021, the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) denied an application by Benga Mining Limited under the Coal Conservation Act, RSA 2000, c C-17, for approvals to construct, operate and reclaim an open-pit metallurgical coal mine (along with associated processing, transportation and related infrastructure) on the montane and subalpine lands of Grassy Mountain in the Crowsnest Pass region of southwestern Alberta. The application was considered by a federal-provincial joint review panel governed by terms of reference established under the Responsible Energy Development Act, SA 2012, c R-17.3, and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012, SC 2012, c 19, s 52 (CEAA 2012), terms which instructed the panel to exercise AER decision-making authority under the Coal Conservation Act and assess the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the project under various provincial statutes and CEAA 2012 (the federal registry for the environmental impact assessment is here). The panel’s decision consists of a whopping 3072 paragraphs (631 pages not including appendices). This comment focuses on the AER portion of this decision, and in particular just one aspect of this decision: the confrontation between coal development and preservation of the threatened Alberta population of westslope cutthroat trout (WSCT) along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. This comment is not reviewing the CEAA 2012 findings and recommendations because, as the panel indicates at paragraph 3066, without the provincial authorizations the project cannot proceed.

Kananaskis Conservation Pass

By Shaun Fluker

On June 7, 2021

In Environmental, Protection of Spaces, Statutory Interpretation

By: Shaun Fluker

PDF Version: Kananaskis Conservation Pass

Ministerial Order Commented On: Ministerial Order 51/2021 (Environment and Parks)

On May 27, the Minister of Environment and Parks (Jason Nixon) issued Ministerial Order 51/2021 to impose a fee to access Kananaskis Country. This new access fee applies to many popular parks and recreational areas in Kananaskis Country such as West Bragg Creek, Barrier Lake, Elbow Falls, Evans Thomas Creek, Spray Lakes, and Highwood Pass. Payment of the fee provides the purchaser with a Kananaskis Conservation Pass. The geographic scope of the fee requirement is curiously both over and under inclusive in relation to its name. The boundary map on the Alberta parks website (and attached to Ministerial Order 51/2021) indicates the access fee applies to areas outside of what is commonly known as Kananaskis Country (e.g. portions of the Bow Valley Wildland Park east of Canmore, including Grotto Canyon and Mount Yamnuska) and – as was pointed out by Nathan Schmidt (JD 2021) here – the fee does not apply to the McLean Creek area which is clearly within Kananaskis Country. This post critically examines the legislative changes made to implement the Kananaskis Conservation Pass requirement.

COVID-19 and Enforcement of Public Health Orders

By Shaun Fluker

On May 27, 2021

In COVID-19

By: Shaun Fluker

PDF Version: COVID-19 and Enforcement of Public Health Orders

Legislation Commented On: Procedures (Public Health) Amendment Regulation, Alta Reg 92/2021

This amendment to the Procedures Regulation, Alta Reg 63/2017, was recently made by the Lieutenant Governor in Council with Order in Council 124/2021 (May 5, 2021). The amendment raises the specified penalty (the violation ticket amount) from $1000 to $2000 for contravention of a Chief Medical Officer of Health (CMOH) public health order issued under section 29 of the Public Health Act, RSA 2000, c P-37. The amendment came into force on May 19, 2021. This is the fine payable by a person who chooses to plead guilty (see Part 2 of the Provincial Offences Procedure Act, RSA 2000, c P-34) for such things as not wearing a mask where required, gathering in large groups outside, allowing non-family members into their home, or not keeping two metres apart from others. Premier Kenney announced the increased fine on May 4 during the initial ‘Stop the Spike’ announcement where the Premier also warned Albertans that section 73 of the Public Health Act provides for a penalty as high as $100,000 for a first offence in these matters. This is part of Alberta’s response to calls for stronger enforcement on non-compliance with COVID-19 public health orders. The third wave of this pandemic gave us a full display of just how inadequate the bare threat of legal enforcement is towards ensuring compliance with these rules. This deficiency in the authoritative punch of COVID-19 public health orders is also the reason why Alberta (and other provinces) went to the extreme measure of obtaining an injunction from the Court of Queen’s Bench to prohibit the very public and orchestrated violations of COVID-19 public health orders. While politicians across Canada begin to engage in what might end up being a foolhardy race to be the first jurisdiction to end COVID-19 restrictions (Premier Kenney announced Alberta’s ambitious Open for Summer Plan on May 26 – just three weeks after announcing tougher enforcement measures), it would be wise for these lawmakers to pause, reflect, and heed some lessons from the compliance and enforcement mess associated with their COVID-19 public health orders.

Author: Shaun Fluker Page 7 of 37

Alberta Adds Health Care Facilities to the Scope of Anti-Protest Legislation

Alberta’s Vaccine Passport System: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Justice for the Westslope Cutthroat Trout at Grassy Mountain

Kananaskis Conservation Pass

COVID-19 and Enforcement of Public Health Orders