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Haste Makes Waste: Amending the Public Health Act

By: Lorian Hardcastle and Shaun Fluker

Bill Commented On: Bill 6, Public Health Amendment Act, 2023, 1st Sess, 31st Leg, Alberta, 2021 (first reading 2 November 2023)

PDF Version: Haste Makes Waste: Amending the Public Health Act

If there is one point of consensus on public health decisions made in Alberta during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is probably that the Public Health Act, RSA 2000, c P-37 failed to provide a proper framework for general lawmaking by executive order. The enactment of COVID-19 public health orders that applied restrictions to the general public did not adhere to basic matters of democratic governance such as organization and clarity, predictability and consistency, transparency and justification, and accountability to the elected assembly. The Act contains no provisions to ensure these lawmaking attributes are followed in making public health orders. Indeed, just weeks after the onset of the pandemic in 2020 it was readily apparent the Act was wholly inadequate in this regard  (see here and  here). Instead of addressing these fundamental issues, the UCP government has been fixated on amendments that score political points. For example, in April 2021, Alberta made a number of relatively inconsequential amendments to the Act (which we discuss here), but still found space to repeal Cabinet powers to compel vaccination in a public health emergency. In this post we explain why Bill 6, Public Health Amendment Act, 2023 is more of the same.

E. coli and the Public Health Act (Alberta)

By: Shaun Fluker and Lorian Hardcastle

Legislation commented on: Public Health Act, RSA 2000, c P-37; Communicable Diseases Regulation, Alta Reg 238/1985Food Regulation, Alta Reg 31/2006

PDF Version: E. coli and the Public Health Act (Alberta)

The beleaguered public health system in Alberta is back in the spotlight with the devastating E. coli outbreak in Calgary. As of September 19, there were 38 lab-confirmed cases connected to the outbreak, 8 of whom were receiving care in hospital, along with 27 cases of secondary transmission. The outbreak is believed to be linked to daycares that use a central kitchen, although a precise food source has not yet been identified. The kitchen suspected to be the source of the E. coli outbreak has previous public health violations and there are calls for a public inquiry. The particular strain of E. coli involved in this outbreak secretes a toxin that can lead to serious organ damage. Nine children connected with this outbreak have been diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome, which can lead to kidney failure.

Private Health Care and the Law Part 3: Not the Anticipated Conclusion but Still Not a Loss for Public Health Care

By: Kate Perala and Lorian Hardcastle

Decision commented on: Cambie Surgeries Corporation, et al v Attorney General of British Columbia, et al, 2023 CanLII 26745

PDF Version: Private Health Care and the Law Part 3: Not the Anticipated Conclusion but Still Not a Loss for Public Health Care

On April 6, 2023, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) dismissed an application for leave to appeal the decision of the BC Court of Appeal in Cambie Surgeries Corporation, et al v Attorney General of British Columbia, et al, 2023 CanLII 26745. Previous blog posts by one of the authors of this post describe the trial decision in detail (see here and here). Many expected that the SCC would hear this case, given the importance of the issues at stake, the strongly-worded concerns with the public health care system expressed by Justice Lauri Ann Fenlon at the BC Court of Appeal (Cambie Surgeries Corporation v British Columbia (Attorney General), 2022 BCCA 245 (CanLII)), and the fact that the SCC’s 2005 decision in Chaoulli v Quebec (Attorney General), 2005 SCC 35 (CanLII), left the constitutionality of limits on private finance in health care unresolved. To many, this decision represents a missed opportunity for the SCC to provide clarity on this defining yet widely-debated feature of our health care system.

Confirmed in Law: The Decision-Maker for COVID-19 Public Health Orders in Alberta is the Chief Medical Officer of Health

By: Lorian Hardcastle and Shaun Fluker

Decision commented on: CM v Alberta, 2022 ABKB 716 (See here for the decision, which was not on CanLII as of the date of writing)

PDF Version: Confirmed in Law: The Decision-Maker for COVID-19 Public Health Orders in Alberta is the Chief Medical Officer of Health

In the winter of 2022, the Alberta government repealed the bulk of its COVID-19 public health measures in an effort to be among the first provinces to re-open. On February 8, 2022, the Premier announced that children would no longer be required to mask in school and, on that same day, the Minister of Education (Adriana LaGrange) issued a written statement that “school boards will not be empowered by provincial health order or recommendations from the CMOH to require ECS – grade 12 students to be masked to attend school in person or to ride a school bus.”

Proposed Amendments to the Public Health Act Confirm (Retroactively?) the Validity of the Chief Medical Officer of Health’s COVID-19 Legislation

By: Shaun Fluker and Lorian Hardcastle

PDF Version: Proposed Amendments to the Public Health Act Confirm (Retroactively?) the Validity of the Chief Medical Officer of Health’s COVID-19 Legislation

Bill Commented On: Bill 66, Public Health Amendment Act, 2021, 2nd Sess, 30th Leg, Alberta, 2021 (first reading 12 April 2021)

On April 12, the Minister of Health tabled Bill 66, the Public Health Amendment Act, 2021, in the Legislative Assembly for first reading. This Bill proposes amendments to the Public Health Act, RSA 2000, c P-37, on matters such as the qualifications for public health officials, developing plans to address chronic disease and injury prevention, the privacy of certain public health records, and decriminalizing the inhalation of intoxicants. As we discuss in this post, the Bill also proposes to address governance issues associated with the exercise of legislative powers by medical officers of health and Ministers under the Act, issues that have previously been identified on ABlawg (see e.g. here, here, and here). These amendments are a step in the right direction, but far more needs to be done to preserve the rule of law during exceptional times where executive rule by fiat has been uncomfortably normalized within a democracy.

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