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What Are “Unrelated Assets” When It Comes to Environmental Reclamation Obligations? The Lending Industry Needs to Know

On November 15, 2023

In Corporate / Commercial, Creditors’ Remedies, Environmental, Insolvency, Oil & Gas

By: Jassmine Girgis

Case Commented On: Mantle Materials Group, Ltd v Travelers Capital Corp, 2023 ABCA 302 (CanLII)

PDF Version: What Are “Unrelated Assets” When It Comes to Environmental Reclamation Obligations? The Lending Industry Needs to Know

In recent years, the courts have seen many cases dealing with unfunded environmental reclamation obligations. Although these obligations have long raised issues, the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Orphan Well Association v Grant Thornton Ltd, 2019 SCC 5 (CanLII) (“Redwater”) commenced a new era for determining the priority for environmental end-of-life obligations in Canadian insolvencies (see my earlier post on Redwater, Lessons from Redwater: Disregard the AbitibiBowater Test and Legislate Super Priority for the Regulator).

Not Plenary, but Not Nothing Either: Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Supreme Court Opinion on the (un)Constitutionality of the Federal Impact Assessment Regime

By David V Wright

On November 10, 2023

In Constitutional, Environmental, Supreme Court of Canada

By: David V. Wright

Case Commented On: Reference re Impact Assessment Act, 2023 SCC 23 (CanLII)

PDF Version: Not Plenary, but Not Nothing Either: Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Supreme Court Opinion on the (un)Constitutionality of the Federal Impact Assessment Regime

The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) recently released its opinion on the constitutionality of the federal impact assessment (IA) regime. In a 5:2 majority opinion, Chief Justice Richard Wagner concluded that much of the scheme is unconstitutional for projects falling primarily within provincial jurisdiction. ABlawg has published initial reflections (see here and here), as well as a primer.

One aspect of the majority opinion and any forthcoming legislative amendments that is in need of further attention is the Court’s analysis of greenhouse gas emissions. This post focuses on that aspect. In short, the majority reiterated that there is no plenary federal power to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, and found that Canada had not adequately made the legal argument to support inclusion of a designated project’s greenhouse gas emissions as a basis for triggering the Impact Assessment Act, SC 2019, c 28, s 1 (IAA) or for making final decisions. However, the majority left the door open on this aspect, while also clarifying that there are no constitutional constraints during the assessment phase (i.e. information gathering phase) of the federal process. At the present juncture, the SCC opinion provides some valuable additional clarity regarding greenhouse gas emissions, but very far from total clarity. Uncertainty remains, and that is unfortunate. In the following discussion, I lay out what the majority said and did not say on greenhouse gas emissions, what that means, and what’s next.

Comments on the AER’s Draft Regulations for Rock-Hosted Mineral Mining

By Drew Yewchuk

On November 9, 2023

In Energy

By: Drew Yewchuk

Regulatory Documents Commented on: AER Bulletin 2023-36: Invitation for Feedback on Proposed New Requirements for Rock-Hosted Mineral Resource Development; Draft Directive 0XX: Rock-Hosted Mineral Resource Development

PDF Version: Comments on the AER’s Draft Regulations for Rock-Hosted Mineral Mining

Despite the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER)’s poor reputation and history of scandals, the Alberta government expanded the role of the AER to include a broader role in regulating mining operations. In March 2023 changes to the Responsible Energy Development Act, SA 2012, c R-17.3 gave the AER new powers to regulate almost all types of mining under the Mineral Resource Development Act, SA 2021, c M-16.8. In my view, expanding the mandate and role of the AER is a mistake given their institutional failures and the public’s justified low confidence in the AER.

The Myth of False Allegations of Intimate Partner Violence

By Jennifer Koshan

On November 8, 2023

In Criminal, Equality, Family

By: Jennifer Koshan

Case Commented On: R v RMD, 2022 ABKB 851 (CanLII)

PDF Version: The Myth of False Allegations of Intimate Partner Violence

A colleague recently brought to my attention a decision concerning intimate partner sexual violence that was released earlier this year. In R v RMD, Justice Robert Graesser dealt with an application by the accused to cross-examine the complainant – his previous partner – on her past sexual activity in a criminal trial for alleged sexual assault. The court’s reasons for decision on this application arguably perpetuate one of the most common myths about intimate partner violence (IPV): that litigants make false or exaggerated claims of violence to gain an advantage in family law disputes. Indeed, the court went so far as to take judicial notice of this “fact” (at para 45). This post unpacks the decision, placing it in the larger context of gendered myths and stereotypes about IPV and the relevant research and case law.

There is No Presumption of Loss Flowing from a Breach of the Contractual Duty of Honest Performance

By Jassmine Girgis

On November 7, 2023

In Contracts

By: Jassmine Girgis

Case commented on: Bhatnagar v Cresco Labs Inc, 2023 ONCA 401 (CanLII)

PDF Version: There is No Presumption of Loss Flowing from a Breach of the Contractual Duty of Honest Performance

In Bhatnagar v Cresco Labs Inc, 2023 ONCA 401 (“Cresco Labs”), the Ontario Court of Appeal addressed whether the Supreme Court’s decision in CM Callow Inc v Zollinger, 2020 SCC 45 (CanLII) (“Callow”) created a legal presumption of loss once a court finds a breach of the contractual duty of good faith. The ONCA found that there is no presumption of loss and that a plaintiff claiming a loss of opportunity has the burden of providing evidence.